The policemen were killed on Monday and the same day police began a follow-up operation against the Taliban, Governor Assadullah Khalid said.
"As a result of the police operation 33 Taliban were killed and we had no casualties," Khalid told a news conference.
In another incident south of the capital Kabul, a Taliban suicide bomber targeted a U.S.-led coalition convoy in Logar province.
A spokesman for the coalition confirmed the attack -- which was claimed by the Taliban -- but had no further details or information on casualties.
Violence has surged in the past 17 months in Afghanistan, the bloodiest period since U.S.-led troops overthrew the Taliban government in Kabul in late 2001.
Taking a lead from the Iraq insurgency, the Taliban have increasingly resorted to suicide and roadside bomb attacks against foreign troops or Afghan government targets.
